Introduction to Qt
Qt is a cross-platform application
framework that is widely used for developing application software
with a graphical user interface (GUI) (in which cases Qt is
classified as a widget toolkit), and also used for developing
non-GUI programs such as command-line tools and consoles for
servers. One of the major users of Qt is KDE.
This package is known to build and work properly using an LFS-7.4
platform.
Package Information
Qt Dependencies
Required
alsa-lib-1.0.27.2, MesaLib-9.2.0, xcb-util-image-0.3.9, xcb-util-keysyms-0.3.9, xcb-util-renderutil-0.3.8, and
xcb-util-wm-0.3.9
Recommended
Certificate Authority
Certificates, Cups-1.6.3, D-Bus-1.6.14,
GLib-2.36.4, gst-plugins-base-0.10.36, ICU-51.2,
libjpeg-turbo-1.3.0, libmng-2.0.2, libpng-1.6.4,
LibTIFF-4.0.3, OpenSSL-1.0.1e, PCRE-8.33, and
SQLite-3.8.0.2
Optional
gst-plugins-base-1.0.10 (QtWebKit
HTML5 Video Support), GTK+-2.24.20 (GTK+ Theme Support), libxkbcommon, MySQL-5.6.13, PostgreSQL-9.3.0, PulseAudio-4.0, unixODBC-2.3.1, and qtchooser-31
(runtime, if also installing Qt4 and installing in /usr)
User Notes: http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/wiki/qt5
Installation of Qt
There are several ways to install a complicated package such as
Qt. The files are not completely
position independent. Installation procedures execute the program
pkg-config to
determine the location of package executables, libraries, headers,
and other files. For Qt,
pkg-config will look
for the appropriate lib/pkgconfig/Qt*.pc
files which must be modified
if relocating the package. These files are set up correctly by the
build process.
The default installation places the files in /usr/local/qt/
. Many commercial distributions
place the files in the system's /usr
hierarchy. The package can also be installed in an arbitrary
directory.
The advantage of installing in /usr
is that no updates to the /etc/ld.so.conf
or /etc/man_db.conf
files are required. The package
files are distributed within several subdirectories of the
/usr
hierarchy. This is the method
that most commercial distributions use.
The disadvantage of installing in /usr
is that the executable filenames for
Qt4 and Qt5 conflict if both packages are installed in
the same directory. The instructions below give a workaround for
this problem using the helper program qtchooser-31.
This requires renaming the Qt executables with a version suffix.
The advantage of installing Qt4 in
a custom directory such as /opt/qt-4.8.5
is that it keeps all the package
files consolidated in a dedicated directory hierarchy. By using
this method, an update can be made without overwriting a previous
installation and users can easily revert to a previous version by
changing one symbolic link or merely changing the PATH variable. It
also allows a developer to maintain multiple versions of
Qt4 or Qt5 for testing.
Caution
If you did not install some of the recommended dependencies,
examine ./configure
--help output to check how to disable them or use
internal versions bundled in the source tarball.
Warning
If Qt5 is being reinstalled into
the same directory as an existing instance, run the following
commands from a console or non-Qt5 based window manager. It
overwrites Qt5 libraries that
should not be in use during the install process.
Method 1: Installing in /usr
Install Qt5 by running the
following commands:
Note
If not also installing
Qt4 into the /usr directory,
change the entry for -bindir below to /usr/bin.
sed -i "s:Context\* context}:&\n%lex-param {YYLEX_PARAM}:" \
qtwebkit/Source/ThirdParty/ANGLE/src/compiler/glslang.y &&
sed -i -e "/#if/d" -e "/#error/d" -e "/#endif/d" \
qtimageformats/config.tests/libmng/libmng.cpp &&
./configure -prefix /usr \
-sysconfdir /etc/xdg \
-bindir /usr/lib/qt5/bin \
-headerdir /usr/include/qt5 \
-archdatadir /usr/lib/qt5 \
-datadir /usr/share/qt5 \
-docdir /usr/share/doc/qt5 \
-translationdir /usr/share/qt5/translations \
-examplesdir /usr/share/doc/qt5/examples \
-confirm-license \
-opensource \
-dbus-linked \
-openssl-linked \
-system-sqlite \
-no-nis \
-nomake examples \
-opengl es2 \
-optimized-qmake &&
make
Remove references to the build directory from the installed
.pc
files by running the following
command:
find . -name "*.pc" -exec perl -pi -e "s, -L$PWD/?\S+,,g" {} \;
This package does not come with a test suite.
Now, as the root
user:
make install &&
install -v -Dm644 qttools/src/assistant/assistant/images/assistant-128.png \
/usr/share/pixmaps/assistant-qt5.png &&
install -v -Dm644 qttools/src/designer/src/designer/images/designer.png \
/usr/share/pixmaps/designer-qt5.png &&
install -v -Dm644 qttools/src/linguist/linguist/images/icons/linguist-128-32.png \
/usr/share/pixmaps/linguist-qt5.png &&
install -v -Dm644 qttools/src/qdbus/qdbusviewer/images/qdbusviewer-128.png \
/usr/share/pixmaps/qdbusviewer-qt5.png
Remove references to the build directory from installed files by
running the following commands as the root
user:
sed -i -e "s:$PWD/qtbase:/usr/lib/qt5:g" \
/usr/lib/qt5/mkspecs/modules/qt_lib_bootstrap.pri &&
find /usr/lib/*.prl -exec sed -i -e \
'/^QMAKE_PRL_BUILD_DIR/d;s/\(QMAKE_PRL_LIBS =\).*/\1/' {} \;
If also installing Qt4 into /usr, Symlink the Qt5 executables into /usr/bin
by running the following commands as the
root
user:
for file in /usr/lib/qt5/bin/*
do
ln -sfv ../lib/qt5/bin/$(basename $file) /usr/bin/$(basename $file)-qt5
done
Method 2: Installing in /opt/qt-5.1.1
This section provides an alternate way to install Qt4 by installing
almost all of the files in the /opt
directory. This allows management of all Qt related files in one
unit. For instance, a new version of Qt5 can be installed without
over-writing the existing installation and entire Qt5 instances can
be easily removed. However, it has the disadvantage of needing some
extra configuration.
sed -i "s:Context\* context}:&\n%lex-param {YYLEX_PARAM}:" \
qtwebkit/Source/ThirdParty/ANGLE/src/compiler/glslang.y &&
sed -i -e "/#if/d" -e "/#error/d" -e "/#endif/d" \
qtimageformats/config.tests/libmng/libmng.cpp &&
QT5DIR=/opt/qt-5.1.1
./configure -prefix $QT5DIR \
-sysconfdir /etc/xdg \
-confirm-license \
-opensource \
-dbus-linked \
-openssl-linked \
-system-sqlite \
-plugin-sql-sqlite \
-no-nis \
-nomake examples \
-opengl es2 \
-optimized-qmake &&
make
Now, as the root
user:
make install &&
install -v -Dm644 qttools/src/assistant/assistant/images/assistant-128.png \
/usr/share/pixmaps/assistant-qt5.png &&
install -v -Dm644 qttools/src/designer/src/designer/images/designer.png \
/usr/share/pixmaps/designer-qt5.png &&
install -v -Dm644 qttools/src/linguist/linguist/images/icons/linguist-128-32.png \
/usr/share/pixmaps/linguist-qt5.png &&
install -v -Dm644 qttools/src/qdbus/qdbusviewer/images/qdbusviewer-128.png \
/usr/share/pixmaps/qdbusviewer-qt5.png
Remove references to the build directory from installed files by
running the following commands as the root
user:
find $QT5DIR -name qt_lib_bootstrap.pri \
-exec sed -i -e "s:$PWD/qtbase:/$QT5DIR/lib/:g" {} \; &&
find $QT5DIR -name \*.prl \
-exec sed -i -e '/^QMAKE_PRL_BUILD_DIR/d' {} \;
At this point is is useful to add some configuration items as the
root
user:
echo /opt/qt5 >> /etc/ld.so.conf &&
ldconfig &&
cat >> /etc/profile.d/qt5.sh << "EOF"
pathappend /opt/qt5/lib/pkgconfig PKG_CONFIG_PATH
EOF
Command Explanations
sed -i "..." ...:
First command fixes building with Bison 3.0 and second command fixes detection
of libmng 2.0.
-confirm-license
: Accept
license without prompting user during configuration.
-opensource
: Install the
opensource version of Qt.
-release
: This switch
disables building with debugging symbols.
-nomake examples
: This
switch disables building of the example programs included in the
source tarball. Remove it if you want to build them.
-system-sqlite
: This switch
enables use of the system version of SQLite.
-no-nis
: This switch
disables support for Network Information Service (NIS) which has
been removed from recent versions of Glibc.
-dbus-linkend
-openssl-linkend
: These switches enable explicit
linking of the D-Bus and
OpenSSL libraries into
Qt libraries instead of
dlopen()-ing them.
-opengl es2
: This switch
enables OpenGL ES2 support in Qt.
-optimized-qmake
: This
switch enables building of the optimized qmake program.
Configuring Qt
Configuration
Information
If you installed Qt in /usr,
create an environment variable needed by certain packages. As the
root
user:
cat > /etc/profile.d/qt.sh << EOF
# Begin /etc/profile.d/qt.sh
QTDIR=/usr
export QT5DIR
# End /etc/profile.d/qt.sh
EOF
If you installed Qt5 in a
location other than /usr, you need to update the following
configuration files so that Qt5
is correctly found by other packages and system processes.
Note
If you also installed Qt4 and need to use the Qt5 version of an
executable such as qmake for building a program, make sure that
the Qt5 bin directory is listed prior to the Qt4 bin directory
in the PATH variable.
As the root
user, update the
/etc/ld.so.conf
file and the
dynamic linker's run-time cache file:
cat >> /etc/ld.so.conf << EOF
# Begin Qt addition
/opt/qt5/lib
# End Qt addition
EOF
ldconfig
As the root
user, create the
/etc/profile.d/qt.sh
file:
cat > /etc/profile.d/qt.sh << EOF
# Begin /etc/profile.d/qt.sh
QT5DIR=/opt/qt5
pathappend /opt/qt5/bin PATH
pathappend /opt/qt5/lib/pkgconfig PKG_CONFIG_PATH
export QT5DIR
# End /etc/profile.d/qt.sh
EOF
For all methods, create the menu entries for installed
applications. As the root
user:
install -dm755 /usr/share/applications
cat > /usr/share/applications/assistant-qt5.desktop << "EOF"
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Qt5 Assistant
Comment=Shows Qt5 documentation and examples
Exec=assistant-qt5
Icon=assistant-qt5
Terminal=false
Encoding=UTF-8
Type=Application
Categories=Qt;Development;Documentation;
EOF
cat > /usr/share/applications/designer-qt5.desktop << "EOF"
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Qt5 Designer
GenericName=Interface Designer
Comment=Design GUIs for Qt5 applications
Exec=designer-qt5
Icon=designer-qt5
MimeType=application/x-designer;
Terminal=false
Encoding=UTF-8
Type=Application
Categories=Qt;Development;
EOF
cat > /usr/share/applications/linguist-qt5.desktop << "EOF"
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Qt5 Linguist
Comment=Add translations to Qt5 applications
Exec=linguist-qt5
Icon=linguist-qt5
MimeType=text/vnd.trolltech.linguist;application/x-linguist;
Terminal=false
Encoding=UTF-8
Type=Application
Categories=Qt;Development;
EOF
cat > /usr/share/applications/qdbusviewer-qt5.desktop << "EOF"
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Qt5 QDbusViewer
GenericName=D-Bus Debugger
Comment=Debug D-Bus applications
Exec=qdbusviewer-qt5
Icon=qdbusviewer-qt5
Terminal=false
Encoding=UTF-8
Type=Application
Categories=Qt;Development;Debugger;
EOF