Introduction to GCC
The GCC package contains the GNU
Compiler Collection. This page describes the installation of
compilers for the following languages: C, C++, Fortran, Objective
C, Objective C++, Go, and Modula2. Since C and C++ are installed in
LFS, this page is either for upgrading C and C++, or for installing
additional compilers.
![[Note]](../images/note.png)
Note
Additional languages, among which D and Ada, are available in the
collection. D and Ada have a binary bootstrap requirement for the
first installation, so their installation is not described here.
To install them, you can proceed along the same lines as below
after installing the corresponding compiler from a binary
package, adding ada or d to the --enable-languages line.
Note
Development versions of BLFS may not build or run some packages
properly if LFS or dependencies have been updated since the most
recent stable versions of the books.
![[Caution]](../images/caution.png)
Caution
If you are upgrading GCC from
any other version prior to 14.2.0, then you must be careful
compiling 3rd party kernel modules. You should ensure that the
kernel and all its native modules are also compiled using the
same version of GCC that you use
to build the 3rd party module. This issue does not affect native
kernel (and kernel modules) updates, as the instructions below
are a complete reinstallation of GCC. If you have existing 3rd party modules
installed, ensure they are recompiled using the updated version
of GCC.
Package Information
-
Download (HTTP): https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-14.2.0/gcc-14.2.0.tar.xz
-
Download MD5 sum: 2268420ba02dc01821960e274711bde0
-
Download size: 88 MB
-
Estimated disk space required: 11 GB (3.4 GB installed with
all listed languages; add 1.6 GB for tests)
-
Estimated build time: 14 SBU (add 34 SBU for tests; both with
parallelism=8)
GCC Dependencies
Optional
GDB-15.2,
Graphviz-12.2.1 (some tests use it if
installed; note that if it's installed but not built with libpng-1.6.44
these tests will fail), Valgrind-3.24.0 (for tests), and ISL (to enable
graphite optimization)
Installation of GCC
![[Important]](../images/important.png)
Important
Even if you specify only languages other than C and C++ to the
./configure command
below, the installation process will overwrite your existing
GCC C and C++ compilers and
libraries. Running the full suite of tests is recommended.
Do not continue with the make
install command until you are confident the build
was successful. You can compare your test results with those
found at https://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-testresults/.
You may also want to refer to the information found in the
GCC section of Chapter 8 in the
LFS book (../../../../lfs/view/development/chapter08/gcc.html).
The instructions below are intentionally performing a “bootstrap” process.
Bootstrapping is needed for robustness and is highly recommended
when upgrading the compilers version. To disable bootstrap anyway,
add --disable-bootstrap to
the ./configure
options below.
Install GCC by running the
following commands:
case $(uname -m) in
x86_64)
sed -i.orig '/m64=/s/lib64/lib/' gcc/config/i386/t-linux64
;;
esac
mkdir build &&
cd build &&
../configure \
--prefix=/usr \
--disable-multilib \
--with-system-zlib \
--enable-default-pie \
--enable-default-ssp \
--enable-host-pie \
--disable-fixincludes \
--enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,go,objc,obj-c++,m2 &&
make
If running tests, as in LFS, remove/fix several known test
failures:
sed -e '/cpython/d' -i ../gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/plugin/plugin.exp
sed -e 's/no-pic /&-no-pie /' -i ../gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/i386/pr113689-1.c
sed -e 's/300000/(1|300000)/' -i ../libgomp/testsuite/libgomp.c-c++-common/pr109062.c
sed -e 's/{ target nonpic } //' \
-e '/GOTPCREL/d' -i ../gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/i386/fentryname3.c
If you have installed additional packages such as valgrind and gdb, the gcc
part of the test suite will run more tests than in LFS. Some of
those will report FAIL and others XPASS (pass when expected to
FAIL). As of gcc-14.1.0, about 74 FAILs occur in the “guality” suite, as well
as miscellaneous failures throughout the rest of the test suite. If
all the compilers above are built, there will be a little over 110
unexpected failures out of over 617,000 tests. To run the tests,
issue:
make -k check
The tests are very long, and the results may be hard to find in the
logs, specially if you use parallel jobs with make. You can get a
summary of the tests with:
../contrib/test_summary
Now, as the root user:
make install &&
mkdir -pv /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib &&
mv -v /usr/lib/*gdb.py /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib &&
chown -v -R root:root \
/usr/lib/gcc/*linux-gnu/14.2.0/include{,-fixed} &&
ln -sfv ../../libexec/gcc/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/14.2.0/liblto_plugin.so \
/usr/lib/bfd-plugins/
Command Explanations
mkdir build; cd
build: The GCC
documentation recommends building the package in a dedicated build
directory.
--disable-multilib: This
parameter ensures that files are created for the specific
architecture of your computer.
--with-system-zlib: Uses
the system zlib instead of the
bundled one. zlib is used for
compressing and decompressing GCC's intermediate language in LTO (Link Time
Optimization) object files.
--enable-default-pie: Makes
the -fpie option the default when
compiling programs. Together with the ASLR feature enabled in the kernel, this
defeats some kind of attacks based on known memory layouts.
--enable-default-ssp: Makes
the -fstack-protector-strong option the
default when compiling programs. SSP is a technique preventing alteration of
the program flow by corrupting the parameter stack.
--enable-host-pie: Makes
the compiler executables PIE (Position Independent Executable).
This can be used to enhance protection against ROP (Return Oriented
Programming) attacks, and can be viewed as part of a wider trend to
harden binaries.
--enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,go,objc,obj-c++,m2:
This command identifies which languages to build. You may modify
this command to remove undesired languages. GCC also supports Ada
and D, but building GCC with Ada (or D) support needs an existing
Ada (or D) compiler. So they are not enabled here.
make -k check: This
command runs the test suite without stopping if any errors are
encountered.
../contrib/test_summary: This
command will produce a summary of the test suite results. You can
append | grep -A7
Summ to the command to produce an even more
condensed version of the summary. You may also wish to redirect the
output to a file for review and comparison later on.
mv -v /usr/lib/*gdb.py
...: The installation stage puts some files used by
gdb under the /usr/lib directory. This generates spurious error
messages when performing ldconfig. This command moves the
files to another location.
chown -v -R root:root
/usr/lib/gcc/*linux-gnu/...: If the package is
built by a user other than root, the ownership of the installed
include directory (and its content)
will be incorrect. This command changes the ownership to the
root user and group.
--enable-host-shared
--enable-languages=jit: Build libgccjit, a library for embedding GCC inside
programs and libraries for generating machine code. Despite
“JIT”
(just-in-time) in the name, the library can be used for AOT
(ahead-of-time) compilation as well. --enable-host-shared is needed for building
libgccjit, but it significantly
slows down GCC. So libgccjit should
be built and installed separately, not as a part of the
“main” GCC
installation. If you need this library, configure GCC with these
two options and install the library by running make -C gcc jit.install-common
jit.install-info as the root user. This library is not used by any BLFS
package, nor tested by the BLFS developers.
Contents
Some program and library names and descriptions are not listed
here, but can be found at LFS
section for GCC as they were initially installed during the
building of LFS.
Installed Programs:
gccgo, gfortran, gm2, go, and gofmt,
hard-linked to architecture specific names
Installed Libraries:
libgfortran.{so,a}, libgm2.{so,a}
libgo.{so,a}, libgobegin.a, libgolibbegin.a, libobjc.{so,a},
and numerous other run-time libraries and executables
Installed Directories:
/usr/lib/go
Short Descriptions
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gccgo
|
is a GCC-based compiler for the Go language
|
|
gm2
|
is a GCC-based compiler for the Modula-2 language
|
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go
|
is a tool for managing Go source code
|
|
gofmt
|
is a tool for formatting Go source code
|
|
gfortran
|
is a GCC-based compiler for the Fortran language
|