GCC-4.1.2
Introduction to GCC
The GCC package contains GNU
compilers. This package is useful for compiling programs written in
C, C++, Fortran, Java, Objective C and Ada. Also included is GNU
Treelang. Treelang is a sample language, useful only to help people
understand how to implement a new language front end to GCC. It is
not a useful language in itself other than as an example or basis
for building a new language. Therefore only language developers are
likely to have an interest in it.
Note
The Fortran compiler included with the GCC-4.x package now aims to be conformant
with the Fortran 95 standard, not the Fortran 77 standard as all
previous versions of GCC have
been. Please note the following paragraph copied directly from
the GCC-4.1.2 gfortran man page.
“Gfortran is not yet a fully conformant
Fortran 95 compiler. It can generate code for most constructs and
expressions, but work remains to be done. In particular, there
are known deficiencies with ENTRY, NAMELIST, and sophisticated
use of MODULES, POINTERS and DERIVED TYPES. For those whose
Fortran codes conform to either the Fortran 77 standard or the
GNU Fortran 77 language, we recommend to use g77 from GCC 3.4.x”
Instructions to install the 3.4.6 version of the Fortran compiler
can be found in GCC-3.3.6 and on the BLFS Wiki.
Package Information
GCC Dependencies
Recommended
DejaGnu-1.4.4
Optional (Required to Build the Fortran Compiler)
GMP-4.2.2 and
MPFR
Note
If you plan to compile Ada, you will need to install GNAT temporarily to satisfy the circular
dependency when you recompile GCC to include Ada. The download location
shown below requires that you create an account on the AdaCore
site before you can download the package. Nothing is required
other than a valid email address.
Ensure you download the 2005 version
of the GNAT compiler. The 2006 version will not work. The file
name you need is: gnat-gpl-2005-i686-gnu-linux-gnu-libc2.3-bin.tar.gz
.
GNAT GPL 2005 Package Information
User Notes: http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/wiki/gcc
Installation of GNAT
Install GNAT by running the
following command as the root
user:
make ins-all prefix=/opt/gnat
The GNAT compiler can be invoked
by executing the gcc
binary installed in /opt/gnat/bin
.
You may now remove the GNAT source
directory:
cd .. &&
rm -rf gnat-gpl-2005-i686-gnu-linux-gnu-libc2.3-bin
Prepare to compile GCC by placing
the GNAT version of gcc at the beginning of the
PATH
variable by using the following
commands:
PATH_HOLD=$PATH &&
export PATH=/opt/gnat/bin:$PATH_HOLD
Installation of GCC
Install GCC by running the
following commands:
Important
The installation process may overwrite your existing GCC gcc and c++ compilers and libraries. It
is highly recommended that you have the Tcl, Expect
and DejaGnu packages installed
before beginning the build so you can run the full suite of
tests.
Do not continue with the make
install command until you are confident the build
was successful. You can compare your test results with those
found at http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-testresults/.
There's also an i686 platform test result produced by an
LFS-SVN-20070304 system at
http://anduin.linuxfromscratch.org/files/BLFS/6.3/gcc412_test.txt.
You may also want to refer to the information found in the
GCC section of Chapter 6 in the
LFS book (../../../../lfs/view/6.3/chapter06/gcc.html).
The instructions below perform a “make
bootstrap” instead of just a plain
“make” intentionally.
Even though it is assumed that the current version of GCC is installed in LFS, because this
installation includes the Ada compiler as an installed language, a
bootstrap is required. The GNAT compiler must be used for stage1 of
the bootstrap in order to build Ada. If the process didn't use a
“bootstrap” you could end up
having a gcc
installed on the system that was produced by a foriegn compiler.
sed -i 's/install_to_$(INSTALL_DEST) //' libiberty/Makefile.in &&
sed -i 's@\./fixinc\.sh@-c true@' gcc/Makefile.in &&
sed -i 's/@have_mktemp_command@/yes/' gcc/gccbug.in &&
mkdir ../gcc-build &&
cd ../gcc-build &&
../gcc-4.1.2/configure \
--prefix=/usr \
--libexecdir=/usr/lib \
--enable-shared \
--enable-threads=posix \
--enable-__cxa_atexit \
--enable-clocale=gnu \
--enable-languages=c,c++,ada,fortran,java,objc,treelang &&
make bootstrap &&
make -k check &&
../gcc-4.1.2/contrib/test_summary
Now, as the root
user:
make install &&
ln -v -sf ../usr/bin/cpp /lib &&
ln -v -sf gcc /usr/bin/cc &&
chown -v -R root:root \
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.1.2/include &&
chown -v -R root:root \
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.1.2/ada{lib,include}
The libffi
interface header is
installed in a location where other packages will not be able to
find it. If you included Java as one of the installed languages,
create a symbolic link in /usr/include
to remedy this:
ln -v -sf `find /usr/lib/gcc -name ffitarget.h` /usr/include
As the root
user, remove the
GNAT installation:
rm -rf /opt/gnat
Now, as the unprivileged user, restore your old PATH
:
export PATH=$PATH_HOLD &&
unset PATH_HOLD
Command Explanations
The three sed
commands are the same ones used during the build of LFS. A fourth
one in LFS is ommitted intentionally, due to the bootstrap build.
mkdir ../gcc-build; cd
../gcc-build: The GCC documentation recommends building the
package in a dedicated build directory.
--enable-shared --enable-threads=posix
--enable-__cxa_atexit
: These parameters are required to
build the C++ libraries to
published standards.
--enable-clocale=gnu
: This
command is a failsafe for incomplete locale data.
--enable-languages=c,c++,ada,fortran,java,objc,treelang
:
This command identifies which languages to build. You may modify
this command to remove undesired languages.
make -k check: This
command runs the test suite without stopping if any errors are
encountered.
../gcc-4.1.2/contrib/test_summary:
This command will produce a summary of the test suite results. You
can append | grep -A7
Summ to the command to produce an even more
condensed version of the summary. You may also wish to redirect the
output to a file for review and comparison later on.
ln -v -sf ../usr/bin/cpp
/lib: This command creates a link to the C
PreProcessor as some packages expect it to be installed in the
/lib
directory.
ln -v -sf gcc
/usr/bin/cc: This link is created as some packages
refer to the C compiler using an alternate name.
chown -v -R root:root
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/...: If the package
is built by a user other than root, the ownership of the installed
include
and adalib
directories (and their contents) will be
incorrect. These commands change the ownership to the root
user and group . Omit the command changing
the Ada directories if you did not include Ada as one of the
installed languages.
Contents
Installed Programs:
addr2name.awk, fastjar, gcj,
gcj-dbtool,gcjh, gfortran, gij, gjnih, gnat, gnatbind, gnatbl,
gnatchop, gnatclean, gnatfind, gnatkr, gnatlink, gnatls,
gnatmake, gnatname, gnatprep, gnatxref, gprmake, grepjar,
grmic, grmiregistry, gtreelang, jcf-dump, jv-convert, jv-scan
and architecture specific names for gcj and gcjh
Installed Libraries:
libffi.{so,a}, libgcj.{so,a},
libgfortran.{so,a}, libgfortranbegin.a, libgij.{so,a},
libobjc.{so,a} and numerous other run-time libraries and
executables in /usr/lib/gcc
Installed Directories:
/usr/include/c++/4.1.2/{gcj,gnu,java,javax,org},
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.1.2/ada{include,lib},
/usr/lib/gcj-4.1.2, /usr/lib/security and
/usr/share/java
Some program and library names and descriptions are not listed
here, but can be found at ../../../../lfs/view/6.3/chapter06/gcc.html#contents-gcc
as they were initially installed during the building of LFS.
Short Descriptions
addr2name.awk
|
emulates some of the functionality of addr2line.
|
fastjar
|
is an archive tool for Java archives.
|
gcj
|
is an ahead-of-time compiler for the Java language.
|
gcj-dbtool
|
is a tool for creating and manipulating class file
mapping databases.
|
gcjh
|
generates header files from Java class files.
|
gfortran
|
is the Fortran compiler
invoked by gcc.
|
gij
|
is the GNU interpreter for Java bytecode.
|
gjnij
|
is used to generate JNI header files from class files.
Running it is equivalent to running gcjh -jni.
|
gnat
|
is the Ada compiler
invoked by gcc.
|
gnatbind
|
is used to bind compiled objects.
|
gnatbl
|
is the Ada linker.
|
gnatchop
|
is useful for renaming files to meet the standard
Ada default file naming
conventions.
|
gnatclean
|
is used to remove files associated with a GNAT project.
|
gnatfind
|
is the GNAT
definition/use finder.
|
gnatkr
|
is used to determine the crunched name for a given file,
when crunched to a specified maximum length.
|
gnatlink
|
is used to link programs and build an executable file.
|
gnatls
|
is the compiled unit browser.
|
gnatmake
|
is an automatic make facility.
|
gnatname
|
will list the files associated with a GNAT project.
|
gnatprep
|
is the GNAT external
preprocessor.
|
gnatxref
|
is the GNAT
cross-referencer.
|
gprmake
|
is a tool used to create Makefile s that support compilation by
multiple languages.
|
grepjar
|
searches jar files for a
pattern.
|
grmic
|
generates stubs for Remote Method Invocation.
|
grmiregistry
|
starts a remote object registry on the current host.
|
gtreelang
|
is largely a cut down version of C, designed to showcase
the features of the GCC
code generation back end. Only those features that are
directly supported by the GCC code generation back end are
implemented. Features are implemented in a manner which
is easiest and clearest to implement. Not all or even
most code generation back end features are implemented.
The intention is to add features incrementally until most
features of the GCC back
end are implemented in Treelang.
|
jcf-dump
|
prints information about Java class files.
|
jv-convert
|
converts files from one encoding to another.
|
jv-scan
|
prints information about Java source files.
|
Last updated on 2008-03-12 11:05:41 -0500